44 research outputs found
Tunable Syngas Production from CO2 and H2O in an Aqueous Photoelectrochemical Cell
Syngas, the mixture of CO and H2, is a key feedstock to produce methanol and liquid fuels in industry, yet limited success has been made to develop clean syngas production using renewable solar energy. We demonstrated that syngas with a benchmark turnover number of 1330 and a desirable CO/H2 ratio of 1:2 could be attained from photoelectrochemical CO2 and H2O reduction in an aqueous medium by exploiting the synergistic co‐catalytic effect between Cu and ZnO. The CO/H2 ratio in the syngas products was tuned in a large range between 2:1 and 1:4 with a total unity Faradaic efficiency. Moreover, a high Faradaic efficiency of 70 % for CO was acheived at underpotential of 180 mV, which is the lowest potential ever reported in an aqueous photoelectrochemical cell. It was found that the combination of Cu and ZnO offered complementary chemical properties that lead to special reaction channels not seen in Cu, or ZnO alone.Mixture is better: Syngas (CO+H2) with tunable composition is synthesized from the reduction of CO2 and H2O in an aqueous photoelectrochemcal cell. A turnover number of 1330 and a high Faradaic efficiency of 70 % for CO at underpotential of 180 mV are acheived. The excellent perfomance is attributed to the coupling effects of strong light harvesting of p‐n Si, efficient electron extraction of GaN nanowires, and fast surface reaction kinetics of Cu–ZnO co‐catalysts.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134441/1/anie201606424_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134441/2/anie201606424.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134441/3/anie201606424-sup-0001-misc_information.pd
Dr.Bokeh: DiffeRentiable Occlusion-aware Bokeh Rendering
Bokeh is widely used in photography to draw attention to the subject while
effectively isolating distractions in the background. Computational methods
simulate bokeh effects without relying on a physical camera lens. However, in
the realm of digital bokeh synthesis, the two main challenges for bokeh
synthesis are color bleeding and partial occlusion at object boundaries. Our
primary goal is to overcome these two major challenges using physics principles
that define bokeh formation. To achieve this, we propose a novel and accurate
filtering-based bokeh rendering equation and a physically-based occlusion-aware
bokeh renderer, dubbed Dr.Bokeh, which addresses the aforementioned challenges
during the rendering stage without the need of post-processing or data-driven
approaches. Our rendering algorithm first preprocesses the input RGBD to obtain
a layered scene representation. Dr.Bokeh then takes the layered representation
and user-defined lens parameters to render photo-realistic lens blur. By
softening non-differentiable operations, we make Dr.Bokeh differentiable such
that it can be plugged into a machine-learning framework. We perform
quantitative and qualitative evaluations on synthetic and real-world images to
validate the effectiveness of the rendering quality and the differentiability
of our method. We show Dr.Bokeh not only outperforms state-of-the-art bokeh
rendering algorithms in terms of photo-realism but also improves the depth
quality from depth-from-defocus
Controllable Shadow Generation Using Pixel Height Maps
Shadows are essential for realistic image compositing. Physics-based shadow
rendering methods require 3D geometries, which are not always available. Deep
learning-based shadow synthesis methods learn a mapping from the light
information to an object's shadow without explicitly modeling the shadow
geometry. Still, they lack control and are prone to visual artifacts. We
introduce pixel heigh, a novel geometry representation that encodes the
correlations between objects, ground, and camera pose. The pixel height can be
calculated from 3D geometries, manually annotated on 2D images, and can also be
predicted from a single-view RGB image by a supervised approach. It can be used
to calculate hard shadows in a 2D image based on the projective geometry,
providing precise control of the shadows' direction and shape. Furthermore, we
propose a data-driven soft shadow generator to apply softness to a hard shadow
based on a softness input parameter. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations
demonstrate that the proposed pixel height significantly improves the quality
of the shadow generation while allowing for controllability.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure
Exploring the 100 au Scale Structure of the Protobinary System NGC 2264 CMM3 with ALMA
We have observed the young protostellar system NGC 2264 CMM3 in the 1.3 mm
and 2.0 mm bands at a resolution of about 0.1 (70 au) with ALMA. The
structures of two distinct components, CMM3A and CMM3B, are resolved in the
continuum images of both bands. CMM3A has an elliptical structure extending
along the direction almost perpendicular to the known outflow, while CMM3B
reveals a round shape. We have fitted two 2D-Gaussian components to the
elliptical structure of CMM3A and CMM3B, and have separated the disk and
envelope components for each source. The spectral index between 2.0 mm
and 0.8 mm is derived to be 2.4-2.7 and 2.4-2.6 for CMM3A and CMM3B,
respectively, indicating the optically thick dust emission and/or the grain
growth. A velocity gradient in the disk/envelope direction is detected for
CMM3A in the CHCN, CHOH, and CHOH lines detected in the 1.3
mm band, which can be interpreted as the rotation of the disk/envelope system.
From this result, the protostellar mass of CMM3A is roughly evaluated to be
by assuming Keplerian rotation. The mass accretion rate is
thus estimated to be - 4
yr, which is higher than typical mass accretion rate of low-mass
protostars. The OCS emission line shows a velocity gradient in both outflow
direction and disk/envelope direction. A hint of outflow rotation is found, and
the specific angular momentum of the outflow is estimated to be comparable to
that of the disk. These results provide us with novel information on the
initial stage of a binary/multiple system.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 21 pages, 12
figure
Coexistence of multiuser entanglement distribution and classical light in optical fiber network with a semiconductor chip
Building communication links among multiple users in a scalable and robust
way is a key objective in achieving large-scale quantum networks. In realistic
scenario, noise from the coexisting classical light is inevitable and can
ultimately disrupt the entanglement. The previous significant fully connected
multiuser entanglement distribution experiments are conducted using dark fiber
links and there is no explicit relation between the entanglement degradations
induced by classical noise and its error rate. Here we fabricate a
semiconductor chip with a high figure-of-merit modal overlap to directly
generate broadband polarization entanglement. Our monolithic source maintains
polarization entanglement fidelity above 96% for 42 nm bandwidth with a
brightness of 1.2*10^7 Hz/mW. We perform a continuously working quantum
entanglement distribution among three users coexisting with classical light.
Under finite-key analysis, we establish secure keys and enable images
encryption as well as quantum secret sharing between users. Our work paves the
way for practical multiparty quantum communication with integrated photonic
architecture compatible with real-world fiber optical communication network
Charge order induced Dirac pockets in the nonsymmorphic crystal TaTe
The interplay between charge order (CO) and nontrivial band topology has
spurred tremendous interest in understanding topological excitations beyond the
single-particle description. In a quasi-one-dimensional nonsymmorphic crystal
TaTe, the (2a2b3c) charge ordered ground state drives the
system into a space group where the symmetry indicator features the emergence
of Dirac fermions and unconventional double Dirac fermions. Using
angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we
provide evidence of the CO induced Dirac fermion-related bands near the Fermi
level. Furthermore, the band folding at the Fermi level is compatible with the
new periodicity dictated by the CO, indicating that the electrons near the
Fermi level follow the crystalline symmetries needed to host double Dirac
fermions in this system.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. Second version of the manuscript following the
first submission in April 202
Mortality and years of life lost of lung cancer among residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 1995 to 2021
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological traits and potential years of life lost associated with lung cancer mortality among inhabitants of Shanghai's Pudong New Area from 1995 to 2021, in order to serve as a reference for developing intervention approaches.MethodsThe death surveillance system was used to gather statistics on lung cancer deaths. Crude mortality rate (CMR), standardized mortality rate (SMR), potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL), annual percent change (APC) of the lung cancer deaths were analyzed. The impact of age-structural and non-age-structural factors on changes in lung cancer mortality was quantified using difference decomposition.ResultsThe CMR and SMR of lung cancer among residents in Pudong New Area between 1995 and 2021 were 58.21/105 and 26.75/105, respectively. The CMR of lung cancer increased over the years (APC=1.91%, 95%CI=1.60%‒2.30%; Z=11.487, P<0.001), and the SMR of lung cancer declined over the years (APC=-1.50%, 95%CI=-1.80%‒-1.20%; Z=-9.006, P<0.001). Age structure factors and gender factors contributed to the increase of lung cancer mortality, while non-population age structure factors overall appeared to play a protective role which might be related to the improvements in factors such as tobacco control and environmental management. The PYLL of lung cancer was 160 296 person years, the PYLL rate was 2.24‰, and the AYLL was 3.86 years per person.ConclusionAge structure factors are a significant contributor to the disease burden and result in the increase in the crude lung cancer mortality rate of Pudong residents of shanghai. Comprehensive monitoring, preventive, and control methods should be implemented
Construction of Si-Stereogenic Silanols via Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed C–H Alkenylation
The construction of silicon-stereogenic silanols via the Pd-catalyzed intermolecular C–H alkenylation with the assistance of a commercially available L-pyroglutamic acid has been realized for the first time. Employing the oxime ether as the directing group, the silicon-stereogenic silanol derivatives could be readily prepared with excellent enantioselectivities, featuring a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies indicate that L-pyroglutamic acid could stabilize the Pd catalyst and provide excellent chiral induction. Preliminary computational studies unveil the origin of the enantioselectivity in the C–H bond activation step